Digital Librarian: a librarian's choice of the best of the Web
Digital Librarian is maintained by Margaret Vail Anderson, a librarian in Cortland, New York

Gardening

Council on Botanical and Horticultural Libraries - Has a list of Member Libraries. There is a list of winners of the Annual Award for a Significant Work in Botanical or Horticultural Literature.

Elisabeth Carey Miller Botanical Garden Great Plant Picks - Plant awards program for Pacific Northwest gardens.

Fleuroselect - International organisation for the ornamental plants industry. There are annual Fleuroselect Gold Medal Winners and Quality Awards.

International Herb Association

Herb of the Year

New England Wildflower Society: Awards Given by the Society For Outstanding Achievement

Perennial Plant Association

Perennial Plant of the Year

Databases

Acta Horticulturae - "Complete and accurate record of all Acta Horticulturae titles with more than 27,000 full text articles and abstracts." (International Society for Horticultural Science.)

Agricola - National Agricultural Library Article Citation Database

Andean Botanical Information System - Provides "collection information from the floristic and systematic investigations of the phanerogams (flowering plants) of Andean South America. ABIS is developing a networked database of specimen-label data for selected groups of Andean plants, including the flora of coastal Peru and Chile, floristic inventories of montane forests of northern Peru, and monographic treatments with online images."

Atlas of the Flora of New England - Ray Angelo and David E. Boufford, Harvard University Herbaria.

Biocomplexity Thesaurus - Try searching for moss

Botanical Collectors Database

Botanical Image Database - University of Basel

Canadian Poisonous Plants Information System

Carnivorous Plant Database - Rick Walker, HP Labs, Palo Alto

Catalogue of Life Annual Checklist

Center for Agricultural Bioinformatics: Botanical Databases - The Medicinal Plants of North America Database (MPNADB) is "based on a two-volume book of the same name published in 1986 by the Museum of Anthropology of the University of Michigan. The database - which contains 17,634 items representing the medicinal uses of 2,147 species from 760 genera and 142 families by 123 different native American groups - was built over a period of about 10 years with support from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Science Foundation, and the University of Michigan-Dearborn." The Food Plant Database, based on Food Plants of the North American Indians by Elias Yanovsky, c1936, reviewed approximately 80 years of literature, back to around 1850, listing 1,112 species in 444 genera of plants among 120 families, used for food by the North American Indians.

Collections of the Nordic Herbarium - Database from the Swedish Museum of Natural History contains over 32,000 entries.

Cultivar Checklists for Ornamental Plants (2000) - Art Tucker, University of Delaware. "Updated vesion of Appendix XI, Checklists of Ornamental Cultivars, of the International Code of Nomenclatue for Cultivated Plants-1995, pp. 89-140, which in turn was taken from Arnoldia 55(4):1-59 (1994-1995)." This 90 page checklist (Acer to Zinnia ) is helpful for authenticating plants purchased from nurseries.The Literature Cited section begins on p. 34.

Ecological Flora of the British Isles

Fairchild Tropical Garden Virtual Herbarium

Families of Flowering Plants - Description, illustrations, identification of families of flowering plants by L. Watson and M. J. Dallwitz

Flora of California - By Willis Linn Jepson. With index.

Flora of North America - Collaborative project of over 800 botanists and 30 institutions in the US and Canada "to provide authoritative, up-to-date information on the names, relationships, characteristics, and distributions of the approximately 21,000 species of plants that grow outside of cultivation in North America north of Mexico."

FloraWeb - Service of the Bundesamt für Naturschutz (Federal Agency for Nature Conservation). In German only. Click on (1)Datenservice, (2) Information und Fotos zu Pflanzenarten (3) search for viola.

Flowering Plant Gateway - Texas A&M University Bioinformatics Working Group provides "various paths for exploration or comparison of three major systems of flowering plant classification."

Flowerweb - Dutch site offers Flowerbase, a database offering over 10,000 pictures of flowers, plants and garden plants.

Garden-cult - Garden database (Freitext-Datenbank) developed by Uwe Schneider and Gert Groning. "Allows access to bibliographical information for articles which have been published in the field of garden culture and open space development in professional journals between 1887 and 1945 in Germany." Has over 52, 000 annotated entries. The search page has an English interface, but the results are in German.

Gartendatenbank

Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)

Global Invasive Species Database - "Developed by the IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) as part of the global initiative on invasive species led by the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP). It provides global information on invasive alien species to agencies, resource managers, decision-makers, and interested individuals."

GRIN Taxonomy - National Genetic Resources Program. A simple search for kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L) provides the Genus (Hibiscus), Family (Malvaceae), common names (bastard-jute, bimli-jute, Deccan-hemp, Indian-hemp, Java-jute, mesta, chanvre de Bombay, Ambari, Dekkanhanf and Gambohanf) and seed sources.

Herbarium Specimen Catalog - New York Botanical Garden

Index Herbariorum - Detailed directory of over 3000 public herbaria of the world and the 8800+ staff members associated with them. Joint project of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) and the New York Botanical Garden. Information available for searching includes addresses of herbaria, names of those to write to for use of the collections via loans or visits, names of staff members associated with herbaria, telephone and fax numbers, e-mail and URL addresses, and research specialties.

Index Nominum Genericorum (ING) - U.S. National Herbarium, Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution.

Index to American Botanical Literature - New York Botanical Garden

Indices Nominum Supragenericorum Plantarum Vascularium Project Database - University of Maryland at College Park

International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) - With Project list. Of note is the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (St. Louis Code) which has an Index of Scientific Names and a Subject Index.

International Plant Name Index - "Database of the names and associated basic bibliographical details of all seed plants, ferns and fern allies. Its goal is to eliminate the need for repeated reference to primary sources for basic bibliographic information about plant names. The data are freely available and are gradually being standardized and checked. IPNI will be a dynamic resource, depending on direct contributions by all members of the botanical community."

John Clayton Herbarium - Natural History Museum, London.

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources - Has a Red List of Threatened Species

Kew Herbarium Catalogue

- "The Herbarium at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew houses approximately 7 million specimens, collected from all around the world. Specimens are either pressed and dried or preserved in spirit. Kew is committed to making this important collection more accessible to botanists and others, wherever they may be, for use in their own projects: particularly in biodiversity, conservation, sustainable development and systematics. To this end we are building an electronic Herbarium Catalogue containing images of the specimens and information taken from their collection labels."

Kew Bibliographic Databases

Kew electronic Plant Information Centre (ePIC)

Linnean herbarium - Over 2,000 images from the Department of Phanerogamic Botany at the Swedish Museum of Natural History.

Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops

Medicinal and Poisonous Plant Databases - Collection of links related to medicinal and poisonous plants assembled by clinical herbalist Michael C. Tims

Mints of Texas - University of Texas at Austin Plant Resources Center Herbarium.

Names in Current Use for Extant Plant Genera (NCU-3e) - International Association for Plant Taxonomy.

National Agricultural Library - United States Department of Agriculture. The NAL Catalog (AGRICOLA) provides citations to agricultural literature.

Nationaal Herbarium Nederland

Native American Ethnobotany Database: Foods, Drugs, Dyes, and Fibers of Native North American Peoples - Dan Moerman, Professor of Anthropology, University of Michigan. "The current edition of the database is substantially enlarged and including foods, drugs, dyes, fibers and other uses of plants (a total of over 44,000 items). This represents uses by 291 Native American groups of 4,029 species from 243 different plant families."

Natural History Museum Botany Department Database Page - London. The Sir James Sloane Jamacian Botanical Collection has plant specimens from Sloane's Voyage to Jamaica, 1687-1689. The Paul Hermann Herbarium has specimens and drawings from Hermann's years in Sri Lanka (Ceylon) 1672-1677.

NatureServe Explorer - "An authoritative source for information on more than 65,000 plants, animals, and ecosystems of the United States and Canada. Explorer includes particularly in-depth coverage for rare and endangered species."

New York Flora Atlas (NYFA) - "Joint effort between the New York Flora Association, the New York Natural Heritage Program, the New York State Museum, the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, and other partner herbaria with the goal to provide users with a comprehensive searchable database of the vascular and non-vascular plants of New York State."

OAIster - "Goal is to create a collection of freely available, previously difficult-to-access, academically-oriented digital resources." A search for garten retrieved abstracts for over 200 records, one of which was Der botanische Garten als Ort für Umweltbildung: gartenpädagogische Konzeption unter besonderer Berücksichtigung formenkundlicher Inhalte by Marina Fischbeck-Eysholdt, a 408 page thesis in pdf format, in German, on the botanical garden (Botanische Gärten). There is a map showing locations of German botanical gardens on page 2 (10). Try searching for
French: jardin(s), jardinage(s), jardinier(s), fleur(s), fleuriste(s), plante(s) medicinale(s), labyrinthe(s), orangerie(s), plan(s), carte(s), dessin(s)
German: garten(s), landesgeschichte, landschaftsgarten, gartenkunst, schloss, grotten
Italian: giardino, giardini, flora, orto botanico, orti botanici, laberinti, labirinti, labyrinthos, grotte, grotta
Latin: hortus, hortorum,

Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases - Analyses and scientific abstacts for thousands of plants assembled by James A. Duke, an ethnobotanist at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland. For example, there is a list of Species used for Diabetes.

Plant Kaleidoscope - "Rare & unusual plants" in cultivation in Europe, growing in public or private gardens." Consists of 707 pictures and 349 descriptions of "woody plants like trees, shrubs , conifers, climbers, bamboos and palms."The "people involved" are Rainer Oberle, Ulrich Herzog, Frédéric Tournay, Hubertus Nimsch and Diethard H. Storch.

Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database - Online version of the book published by CAB International.

PlantCare.com - House plant database has over 2,900 listings with care information and photos, searchable by name and by type.

PlantFacts - Searchable database of over 5,500 horticultural fact sheets produced by Tim Rhodus of Ohio State University. Also offers Plant Dictionary, a searchable database of 3,431 high quality plant, insect and disease images.

Plants for A Future Species Database (PFAF) - Contains over 7000 species and has extensive details on edible, medicinal and other uses of plants together with information about their cultivation and habitats.

Plants Database - Contains 2,547 plants and 2,865 photos. (Part of Dave's Garden.)

Plants National Database - U. S. Department of Agriculture database "provides standardized plant names, symbols and other plant attribute information." There is a list of topics It's a good place to look for the following information: identifying characteristics of plants, threatened and endangered plants, geographical distribution of plants, culturally significant plants, plant guides and fact sheets, invasive plants, and a plant image gallery.

Plantscope - Dutch image database. You can search by color.

Postcode Plants Database - The goal of this UK database is to encourgage gardeners to grow indigenous plants. Input your postcode and you're shown a list of recommended plants.

Protabase - Database of useful plants of tropical Africa.

Regnellian herbarium - Collection of plants from South and Central America and the Caribbean at the Swedish Museum of Natural History has a Botanical type collection database.

Search the Living Collections of Multiple Botanical Institutions

Species in Parks: Flora and Fauna Database Online Query System - Databases of vascular plant and vertebrate animal species reported to occur within lands managed by the U.S. National Park Service.

SPIRO: Architectural Images Database - UC Berkeley Architecture Slide Library. A search for garden in the Subject or Object Type field retrieved 771 records.

Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland - Biota of North America Program of the North Carolina Botanical Garden, Museum Informatics Project, University of California, Berkeley

University of Connecticut Plant Database of Trees, Shrubs and Vines

Vascular Plant Type Catalog - New York Botanical Garden

Den Virtuella Floran - Swedish Museum of Natural History (in Swedish only)

English Gardens

Alnwick Garden - Alnwick, Northumberland

Association of Gardens Trusts

Barnsley House Gardens

BBC Gardening - See also Gardener's Corner

Bodnant Garden - Conwy, North Wales. (See also National Trust description.)

British Tourist Authority

Cotswold District Council

Cotswold Way National Trail - Ramblers' Association 101 mile walking trail from Chipping Campden to Bath. (See the Countryside Agency website for information on other National Trails.)

English Heritage

English Tourism Council

Garden History Society - Has a Cumulative Index 1966-2000

Gardens Guide - UK garden directory. (Use the GardenFinder, to locate Syon Park, Biddulph Grange Garden and Newby Hall & Gardens.)

Gloucestershire Tourism

Great Dixter - Family home of Christopher Lloyd

Historic Gardens Foundation

Iford Manor - Bradford on Avon, Wiltshire. See Architect of a Lovely Garden: At Iford Manor, Harold Peto Built a Landscape of Memories by Jane Garmey, Wall Street Journal, March 1, 2008 and The Great Edwardian Gardens of Harold Peto: From the Archives of Country Life (2007) by Robin Whalley.

Information on UK Gardens

Kiftsgate Court Gardens

Landmark Trust

Landscape Design Trust

Mottisford Abbey Gardens - Romsey, Hampshire, UK

Museum of Garden History

National Council for Conservation of Plants and Gardens

National Gardens Scheme

National Trust - Has information on many gardens including Hidcote Manor and Sissinghurst Castle

National Trust Cottages - "A unique collection of over 330 properties in outstanding locations in England, Wales and Northern Ireland."

Royal Horticultural Society - Sponsors the Chelsea Flower Show and the Hampton Court Palace Flower Show. There is a Garden Finder.

Sisley Garden Tours

Smithsonian Journeys - Offers an English Gardens and Gardeners tour.

UK Database of Historic Parks and Gardens

West Oxfordshire Tourism

Wolsey Lodges

Ethnobotany

Amazon Conservation Team - Organization directed by Mark J. Plotkin, author of Tales of a Shaman's Apprentice: An Ethnobotanist Searches for New Medicines in the Amazon Rain Forest (the subject of Amazon, a documentary by Kieth Merrill and Jonathan Stern that was nominated for an Academy Award in 1998) and Medicine Quest: In Search of Nature's Healing Secrets.

Henriette's Herbal Homepage - Henriette Kress's site on culinary and medicinal herbs includes 3290 plant pictures.

Liber Herbarum - Erik Gotfredsen's database is subtitled "the incomplete reference-guide to Herbal medicine" and is based on the first known Danish medicine book, Henrik Harpestreng's Liber Herbarum. The entry for Drosera rotundifolia Linne or Round-leaved Sundew, for example, provides the common name of the plant in 12 languages.

Medline Search for Herbal Medicine - Article citations within last 90 days. Also try Ethnobotany or Medicine, Traditional.

Richard E. Schultes, 86, Authority on Hallucinogenic Plants, Dies - New York Times obituary (April 13, 2001) of the man known as the founding father of ethnobotany. Richard Evans Schultes was also the subject of an article by E. J. Kahn Jr, in the June 1, 1992 New Yorker titled Profiles: Jungle Botanist (Vol. 68, issue 16, p. 35). Two million acres the Amazon are named after him - the Amazonian tract Sector Schultes.

Events

Canadian Tulip Festival - Ottawa. Held annually in May.

Le festival des jardins - Chaumont-sur-Loire

GardenFair - Winterthur, Delaware. "Autumn sale of plants, tools and accoutrements for passionate gardeners."

Philadelphia Flower Show

Royal Horticultural Society Flower Shows

Full-Texts

Bibliothèque Nationale de France: Gallica - French National Library electronic text project. A search (recherche) for jardin* (title) retrieves over 200 images and texts. Volumes of note include:

Description des plantes de l'Amérique (1693) by Charles Plumier and North American sylva, or A description of the forest trees of the United States, Canada and Nova Scotia (1819) in Vol. I and Vol. II.

Cornus, specimen botanicum sistens descriptiones sistens descriptiones et icones specierum corni minus cognitarum (1788) by L'Charles Louis Héritier de Brutelle.

Description des plantes nouvelles et peu connues, cultivées dans le jardin de J.-M. Cels (1799)

Labiatarum genera et species, or A description of the genera and species of plants of the order labiatae, with their general history, characters, affinities, and geographical distribution (1832-1836) by George Bentham.

Handbook of the british flora: a description of the flowering plants and ferns indigenous to, or naturalized in, the british isles (1866) also by Bentham

The Flora of British India [in seven volumes], by Joseph Dalton Hooker.

The Rhododendrons of Sikkim-Himalaya also by Hooker

L'art de composer et décorer les jardins (1846) par Pierre Boitard.

Bilder ur Nordens Flora - Full text of 1917 work by Swedish botanist Carl Axel Magnus Lindman (1856 - 1928). Includes descriptions and images of 526 plants and an index. In Swedish.. (Project Runeberg)

BioLib Online Library of Historic Biological Books - Kurt Stüber, of the Max-Planck-Institut für Züchtungsforschung, has assembled a full-text collection of historic biology books, many "currently out of print and hard to obtain from public libraries or book sellers." There are over 150 titles on botany. Titles include:

History of European botanical discoveries in China (1898) by Emil Vasilievitch Bretschneider.

Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz (1879) - 4 Volumes with 572 botanical plates.

Classic Herbal Texts: old books and journals - Henriette Kress, Henriette's Herbal Homepage.

Core Historical Literature of Agriculture - Core electronic collection of over 800 agricultural texts published between the early nineteenth century and the middle to late twentieth century. Full-text materials cover agricultural economics, agricultural engineering, animal science, crops and their protection, food science,forestry, human nutrition, rural sociology, and soil science. Examples of titles include History of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. 1829-1878, The trees of California (1909) by Willis Linn Jepson and Plant propagation; greenhouse and nursery practice (1916) by M. G. Kains. See also the NEH Book Collection, a collection of 599 core agricultural books from the 19th and 20th century. (Albert R. Mann Library, Cornell University.)

Culpeper: The Complete Herbal - Complete text of the 17th century herbal, along with The British herbal and family physician by Nicholas Culpeper, (1616-1654). From Bibliomania.

Curtis Botanical Magazine is a digital collection of "one thousand fifty records, one thousand forty-eight plates, (two of the original plates are missing, plates 797 & 860), and there are one thousand four hundred fifty-six related pages of text from the first 26 volumes. The entire print collection of 164 volumes is housed at the National Agricultural Library in Beltsville, Maryland." Images include Heath-leaved Banksia, Honey-bearing Protea, Laurel-leaved Rhododendron and the Yellow Day-lily. An electronic publication of the National Agricultural Library Rare Book Collection.

Description Botanique du Chiranthodendron (1805) - José Dionisio Larreátegui. Smithsonian Institution Libraries Digital Edition, 1999. Also in the collection Observationum Botanicarum (1802) by D. Romanus Adolph Hedwig.

Digitale Bibliothek Braunschweig - Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig. Includes Botanische und zoologische Bücher.

Dunbarton Oaks Electronic Texts - Includes John Evelyn's "Elysium Britannicum" and European Gardening, Nature and Ideology: Natural Garden Design in the Twentieth Century, Perspectives on Garden Histories and Bourgeois and Aristocratic Cultural Encounters in Garden Art, 1550-1850.

Fuch's Botanical - 516 woodcuts of plants, some colored, from Leonhard Fuch's Primi de stirpivm historia commentariorvm tomi uiuæ imagines, in exiguam angustioremq[ue] forman contractæ, ac quam fieri potest artificiosissime expressæ...Basileæ, 1545. Site created by Richard Siderits, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, Yale University.

Index to 18th and 19th Century Botanical Literature at Gallica (Bibliotecque Nationale de France) - Stewart R. Hinsley

Garden and Forest: A Journal of Horticulture, Landscape Art, and Forestry (1888-1897) - Digital reproduction by the Library of Congress of ten volumes, comprising 8,400 pages and over 1,000 photographs and other illustrations, of the journal established by Charles Sprague Sargent (1841-1927), the founding director of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. The work is fully searchable and browsable, and each volume has an index. A Boolean search for Llewellyn, Park and Orange, for example, retrieves 13 results, among which is p. 578 of Volume 5, Issue 250. Phis provides some of the history of Llewellyn Park, one of the first planned developments or "residence parks". As early as 1853, Llewellyn S. Haskell purchased some 700 acres on the southeastern slope of Orange Mountain, in Orange, New Jersey. Figure 100, on page 583 shows a drawing of the main entrance to Llewellyn Park. Plantings of Oaks, Chestnuts, Hickories, Maples, Tulip Poplars, and Beeches enriched the park. Eugene A. Baumann & Howard Daniels were the landscape designers.

Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrums - Digital Library at the Lower Saxony State and University Library, Göttingen, consists of over 2800 volumes, including a good collection of early travel books. You can search or browse. Among the digitized titles in the collection is Annonce d'un ouvrage botanique sur les arbres, arbustes et plantes de l'Empire de Russie, qui sera publié par ordre et sous les auspices de sa majesté impériale (1782) by Peter Simon Pallas.

Home Economics Archive: Research, Tradition and History (HEARTH) - "Core electronic collection of books and journals in Home Economics and related disciplines. Published between 1850 and 1950..." (Albert R. Mann Library, Cornell University.) Garden-related titles in the collection include Flower Decoration in the House (1907) by Gertrude Jekyll, Principles of Flower Arrangement (1923) by Edward Albert White, The Livable House, its Garden (1917) by Ruth Dean and The Book of Market Gardening (1906) by R. Lewis Castle.

Köhler's Medicinal Plants - Hermann A. Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen was published in Leipzig in 1887 and has nearly 300 finely detailed illustrations (Missouri Botanical Garden)

Making of America Project - "Digital library of primary sources in American social history from the antebellum period through reconstruction (1850-1877)." The site is searchable and includes a number of gardening-related titles:

The American gardener: a treatise on the situation, soil, and laying out of gardens (1854) - William Cobbett

Treatise on the theory and practice of landscape gardening (1853) by Andrew Jackson Downing

American gardener's assistant (1866) by Thomas Bridgeman

Country life: a handbook of agriculture, horticulture, & landscape gardening (1866) by Robert Morris Copeland

Family kitchen gardener; containing plain and accurate descriptions of all the different species and varieties of culinary vegetables (1861) by Robert Buist

Farmer's guide to scientific and practical agriculture (1853) by Henry Stephens

Plain and pleasant talk about fruits, flowers and farming (1859) by Henry Ward Beecher

Parsons on the rose. A treatise on the propagation, culture, and history of the rose (1869) by Samuel B. Parsons.

A Modern Herbal Home Page - Online searchable edition of 1931 book by Mrs. M. Grieve. With Common Names Index, Recipe Index and Poisons Index.

Notions Élémentaires de Botanique - "Rare botanical work of nomenclatural importance" by Jean François Durande, a French botanist at Dijon, published in 1782. (Rare Book Collection, National Agricultural Library.)

Organic Agriculture Information Access - "Electronic collection of historic United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) publications related to organic agriculture. In this collection, there are almost 200 documents published before 1942 (before synthetic chemicals became widely used) that contain state-of-the-art information and data that is still very pertinent for today's agriculture. Access to this data is intended to provide growers with new ideas on crop production without chemicals, as well as help researchers conserve scarce resources by avoiding unintended duplication. This collection is provided by the Alternative Farming Systems Information Center (AFSIC), a part of the National Agricultural Library (NAL), with funding from the USDA National Organic Program and Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. This effort is part of the AFSIC "Organic Roots" project."

Plantaardigheden

Cruydt-Boeck - Herbal with over 700 images of plants, written by Belgian naturalist Rembertus Dodonaeus in 1644. See title page.

Southwest School of Botanical Medicine - Bisbee, Arizona. Includes many classic texts. (If this url doesn't work try searching ibiblio.)

Garden Writers and Blogs

Association des Journalistes du Jardin et de l'Horticulture

British Garden Writers' Guild

Garden Writers Association of America (GWAA) - Has a Speakers Bureau

The Virago Book of Women Gardeners (1996) - Edited by Deborah Kellaway. With Biographical Notes on pp. 259-271 and Notes on Sources on pp. 247-253. You can "search inside" this book at Amazon.com.

Transatlantic Plantsman - Graham Rice

Gardens and Arboretums

Royal Horticultural Society Garden Finder

Airlie gardens - Wilmington, North Carolina.

American Public Gardens Association - Searchable by state and provides address, phone & web site address (when available) of its members.

Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University

Association Francaise des Directeurs de Jardins & Espaces Verts Publics - With links to city parks and gardens.

Atlanta Botanical Garden

Australian Botany Pages - Provides information on Australian National Botanic Gardens

Barnsley House - Garden of Rosemary Verey, who died on May 31, 2001, is located in Barnsley, Gloucestershire, UK.

Bartlett Arboretum & Gardens - Stamford, Connecticutt

Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem - Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem

Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI)

Botanical Garden of Nijmegen - "Extensive Solanaceae collection comprising more than 1,000 accessions with many species of wild origin." Includes many images.

Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI)

Botanischer Garten der Universität Basel - With high quality images of some very unusual plants (select Pflanzen (Bilder) from the sidebar)

Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum - Superior, Arizona.

Brooklyn Botanic Garden - Brooklyn, New York.

Butchart Gardens - Vancouver Island

Cambridge University Botanic Garden

Canadian Botanical Conservation Network - Has information on Botanical Gardens and Arboreta in Canada

Les Cedres - Saint-Jean Cap Ferrat, France

Centre des Monuments Nationaux - The French Ministry of Culture and Communication provides information on French chateaux, monasteries, cathedrals, palaces, and other important monuments. (In French and in English.) The following are recommended for their "parcs et jardins".

Château d'Angers

Château de Bouges - "Une élégante demeure du 18e siècle, remarquable par son mobilier et ses jardins."

Château de Champs-sur-Marne

Château de Gramont

Château de La Motte Tilly

Château de Rambouillet

Château de Talcy

Domaine national de Saint-Cloud

Maison de George Sand à Nohant

Cornell Plantations - Ithaca, New York. There is a List of publications.

Chateau de Chantilly

Chateau de Courson - Site of the Journees des Plantes, a flower show held twice annually at the chateau of Patrice and Hélène Fustier located 30 miles from Paris.

Doris Duke Charitable Foundation - Visit:

Duke Farms - Near Somerville, New Jersey

Shangri La - Honolulu, Hawaii

Rough Point - Newport, Rhode Island

Dumbarton Oaks - Washington D.C. research facility offers program in Garden and Landscape Studies. The Research Library provides online access to HOLLIS , the Library catalog.

Edith Wharton Restoration - The Mount, in Lenox, Massachusetts. (See also Save America's Treasures.)

Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden - Founded in Coral Gables in 1938 by Robert H. Montgomery (1872-1953) and named in honor of his friend, the plant explorer David Fairchild, it is a "leading center of palm research, horticulture, and conservation". The Library and Archive provides information about the collections. The Virtual Herbarium is a "text and photographic database of the specimens in the Fairchild Tropical Garden Herbarium." Of particular note is the Guide to Palms which has hundreds of high-quality images, including detailed photographs of the fruit. See, for example, Washingtonia robusta, Gastrococos crispa and Areca aff. multifida.

Florida Gardens and Preserves Collaborative - Provides Alphabetical List of Gardens and Parks in Florida

Fondation Claude Monet - Giverny. (See also Giverny.)

Fondation Parcs et Jardins de France

Gardens Guide - UK garden directory. (Use the GardenFinder, to locate Syon Park, Biddulph Grange Garden and Newby Hall & Gardens.)

Garden Week - With archived photographs of Garden Week Virtual Visits for Wave Hill, Stone Crop, Wisley, Kew, Aberglasney, White Flower Farm, Dunbarton Oaks, National Arborretum, Old Westbury Gardens, Heritage Plantation (Dexter Estate and Pond View, the editor's own garden.

Gardens Collaborative - Gardens in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley. Provides list of members.

Gertrude Jekyll - Official web site of the Jekyll Estate.

Göteborg Botanical Garden / Göteborgs botaniska trädgård

Hammond Museum & Japanese Stroll Garden - North Salem, New York

Herrenhausen - Baroque garden near Hanover (Germany)

Het Loo - Apeldoorn, the Nethlerlands

Hillwood Museum & Gardens - Marjorie Merriweather Post estate in Washington, DC.

Historic Garden Week in Virginia

Holden Arboretum - Largest arboretum in the United States is located in Kirtland, Ohio and encompasses over 3,100 acres.

Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens - San Marino, California. Has section devoted to the Amorphophallus titanum also known as the Titan Arum or Bunga Bangkai, "Corpse flower".

I Love Gardens - Treasury of public and private gardens.

Innisfree Garden - Millbrook, New York

Jardins Botaniques de France et des pays francophones - Has over 500 members in 115 countries.

Les Jardins de Métis: Portrait of a Landscape - Estevan, Quebec, gardens created by Elsie Reford.

JGarden: the Japanese Garden Database - Robert Cheetham's site on the historical gardens of Japan.

J. C. Raulston Arboretum - Nationally acclaimed garden is part of the Department of Horticultural Science at North Carolina State University. The web site provides descriptions and photographs of the Arboretum's plant introductions. Also available at the site is an archive of Arboretum Newsletters and descriptions of the major collections.

Kykuit - Former John D. Rockefeller Jr. estate built in 1905, the Gardens were designed by William Welles Bosworth.

Ladew Topiary Gardens - Monkton, Maryland (410-557-9466). Created by Harvey S. Ladew (1887-1976).

Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - Austin, Texas. Texas Plants Online is a guide to Guide to native plant landscaping.

Longwood Gardens - Kennett Square, Pennsylvania

Marie Selby Botanical Gardens - Sarasota, Florida. "Open-air and under-glass museum of thousands of orchids and bromeliads."

Meerkerk Rhododendron Gardens - On Whidbey Island in Washington's Puget Sound.

Missouri Botanical Garden - St. Louis. Provides a tour of Seiwa-en, their Japanese garden. Illustrated Garden: Rare Books from the Missouri Botanical Garden consists of over 100 digitized volumes..."350,744 pages and 12,357 botanical illustrations currently [January 23, 2006] online."

Monticello, Home of Thomas Jefferson - Has a section on the Grounds. The Thomas Jefferson Center for Historic Plants has articles from Twinleaf, CHP's annual journal.

Morton Arboretum - Lisle, Illinois. Offers plant information and a searchable plant collections catalog.

Mt. Cuba Center - Greenville, Delaware

Mounts Botanical Garden - West Palm Beach, Florida

National Association for Olmsted Parks - The Olmsted Research Guide Online is a database "that will index the 150,000 Olmsted landscape plans and drawings and other archival materials housed at Fairsted, the firm's former headquarters in Brookline, Massachusetts, and the 500,000 pages of related correspondence housed at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C." Database consists of descriptions only - you do no have access to the actual documents. See also Olmsted Associates Papers (Library of Congress) and Olmsted Associates: A Register of Its Records in the Library of Congress.

National Gardens Scheme - UK organization raises money for charity by opening private gardens to the public for a few days a year. They offer a Garden Finder and a Archive of Stories.

National Tropical Botanical Garden - Kalaheo, Hawaii

National Trust - Index of protected houses, gardens, coast and countryside in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The Directory is searchable by theme (gardens) and provides information about such gardens as:

Stourhead,

Sissinghurst

Hidcote Manor - Hidcote Bartrim, Ebrington, Gloucestershire. Garden designed by Lawrence Waterbury Johnston (1871-1958). See The Enigma of Hidcote by Christopher Reed, Horticulture Magazine, August 1986. "If you were to see it from the air," says Paul Nicholls, Hidcote's head gardener, 'the garden would look like a house with the roof off.' The walls are built of yew, beech, box, holly, and hornbeam, sometimes daringly mixed together to create Johnston's famous 'tapestry hedges' ". (Do a satellite search in Google Maps for Hidcote Bartrim.) Hidcote Manor Garden: the hidden truth by Noel Kingsbury, Telegraph, October 8, 2007. Books about Hidcote and Johnston include Hidcote : the garden and Lawrence Johnston (2007) by Graham S. Pearson and The Garden at Hidcote (2007) by Fred Whitsey (you can search inside this book at Amazon.com). Johnson's garden in Menton, France, Serre de la Madone, is owned by the Conservatoire du Littoral.

New York Botanical Garden - Located in the Bronx, their LuEsther T. Mertz Library has over 1.26 million items in the collection and is one of the most comprehensive libraries in the field in the U.S. The library catalog is searchable by author, title, keywords, and subject heading. There is a section devoted to Staff Research Projects and Project Web Pages, a What's New in the Botanical Science Division page and access to Searchable Databases. The Vascular Plant Type Catalog is a work in progress to catalog approximately 75,000 vascular plant type specimens.

Old Sturbridge Village - Sturbridge, Massachusetts

Palmengarten - Frankfurt botanical park

Perennial Plant Association - They have a A Guide to Herbaceous Perennial Gardens in the United States and Canada

Planting Fields Arboretum State Historic Park - Oyster Bay, New York

Quarryhill Botanical Garden - Glen Ellen, California. "Quarryhill today is recognized as a conservation and aesthetic treasure. Twenty of the site's 61 acres are home to one of the largest collections of scientifically documented wild-source Asian plants in North America. Its repository includes rare and endangered plants, and it distributes its plant material to other botanical gardens and research universities in North America." (Newsletter of the Garden Conservancy, Fall 2007, Vol. 18, No. 3, p. 6). Their Database of Asian Plants in Cultivation

is hosted by the California Academy of Sciences and "provides an inventory of living specimens, held at various institutions throughout North America and Europe, which have originated primarily from collecting expeditions to eastern Asia."

Les Quatre Vents - Located on the St. Lawrence River, some 80 miles northeast of Quebec in La Malbaie, Charlevoix, Quebec. Created by Frank Cabot, Les Quatre Vents is considered by many to be Canada's best private garden. Official information about the garden is available from the Centre Écologique de Port-au-Saumon. The garden is only open four Saturdays in the summer. (June 21, July 5, July 19 and August 2 in 2003). Cabot, who also created Stonecrop Gardens in Cold Spring, New York, is the founder and chairman of the Garden Conservancy. He was the 2000 recipient of the American Horticultural Society's Liberty Hyde Bailey Award. Cabot wrote a book about Les Quatre Vents (Greater Perfection: the Story of the Gardens at Les Quatre Vents) which has 382 color plates. See also Margaret T. Baird's description of Cabot in Member in Focus Frank Cabot: AHS Award Winner in the The American Gardener, March/April 2000 issue.

Red Butte Botanical Garden - Salt Lake City, Utah

Royal Botanic Garden - Edinburgh

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew - London

Royal Botanical Gardens - Hamilton/Burlington, Ontario, Canada

Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site - Cornish, New Hampshire. "Consists of the home, gardens, and studios of Augustus Saint-Gaudens (1848-1907), one of America's greatest sculptors."

Serre de la Madone - Propriété du Conservatoire du Littoral située à Menton, France.

Stonecrop Gardens - Cold Spring, New York. "Open to visitors by appointment only from April 1 thru October 31 on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Fridays and the first and third Saturdays of every month." Photographs of the garden are available in the archives of Garden Week. Stonecrop Gardens were created by Frank Cabot, founder and chairman of the Garden Conservancy, who also created Les Quatre Vents in La Malbaie, Charlevoix, Quebec. (You can read about the latter in Greater Perfection: the Story of the Gardens at Les Quatre Vents.)

Stowe Gardens and Park - One of the birthplaces of the English landscape garden.

Toronto Botanical Garden - Library has an Online Catalog

Tower Hill Botanic Garden - Boylston, Massachusetts

Trustees of Reservations - Organization formed to "preserve, for public use and enjoyment, landscapes of exceptional scenic, historic, and ecological value in Massachusetts and to protect special places across the state." With database describing 80 reservations across Massachusetts.

Union of European Historic Houses Associations - Has lists of properties for France, Spain, Netherlands, Italy, Portugal and Great Britain.

United Kingdom Database of Historic Parks and Gardens

United States National Arboretum - Washington, D.C.

University of Washington Medicinal Herb Garden - Access by botanical or common name. Provides photographs, brief description, and links to Medline, Mrs. Grieve's Modern Herbal, AGIS EthnobotDB and AGIS Medicinal Plants of North America DB.

Vizcaya Museum & Gardens - Coral Gables, Florida

Wave Hill - Bronx, New York.

Winterthur Museum, Garden & Library - Winterthur, Delaware

General Gardening Sites

CGVlibrary: Gateway to Global Agricultural Knowledge

Canadian Botanical Conservation Network - Has information on Botanical Gardens and Arboreta in Canada

Clemson University Home and Garden Information Center - Information and more than 400 factsheets on landscape, garden and indoor plants; insects, plant diseases and other problems; and food safety and preservation.

Cornell College of Agriculture and Life Sciences: Gardening Resources

Cyberlandscape: Patrimoine Vert Europeen - "On y parle de jardins, de paysage, de patrimoine et d'environnement." Offers links to a number of European landscape gardening resources (in French).

GardenWeb - Offers Forums and the HortiPlex Plant Database

GardenWeb Europe

Home Gardening - U.S. Department of Agriculture

Hort Corner - University of Illinois Extension

I Can Garden - For Canadian gardeners

Michigan State University Master Gardener

Missouri Extension Service Publications - University of Missouri-Columbia

Ohioline: Yard & Garden

Plant America

Smithsonian: American Architecture and Gardens

Tom Clothier's Garden Walk and Talk - Information for beginning gardeners has extensive photographs and a useful section on seeds

University of Florida IRAS IDES - Offers a number of online publications on garden-related topics including:

Landscape Design

Garlic.

WebGarden - This Ohio State University site is one of the best gardening resources on the Internet. Highlights include PlantFacts, a searchable database of over 5,500 horticultural fact sheets and a database of Images of ornamental plants and pests.

History

American Landscape and Architectural Design, 1850-1920 - Frances Loeb Library, Graduate School of Design, Harvard University, (Part of the American Memory Collection in the Library of Congress).

American Seed and Nursery Industry - Smithsonian Institution Libraries. Consits of History of the American Seed and Nursery Industry and their Trade Catalogs, a bibliography compiled by Marca L. Woodhams and Biographies of American Seedsmen and Nurserymen.

André Le Nôtre

Annotated Bibliography on Southeastern American Botanical Explorers Prior to 1821 - Ronald W. Gilmour

The Archaeology and Restoration of the William Paca Garden, Annapolis, Maryland: 1966-1990 - By Jason P. Shellenhamer.

Bibliophile of Booknoll Farm - by E. A. Proulx, Horticulture, February, 1983 (pp. 34-45). Profile of Elisabeth Woodburn, a rare horticultural book dealer.

Carl Albert Purpus, Plant Collector in Western North America - Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley. With travelogues (Report on My Journey to the La Sal Mountains (1899)), biographies (On the Trail, with Purpus, in California), collected letters from 1896 to 1907, and plant lists and bibliography.

Celia Thaxter's Island Garden - Information on Celia Thaxter's century old garden on Appledore Island which is maintained by volunteers of Cornell's Shoals Marine Laboratory, which also provides information on Public Access to Appledore Island. Further information on the Isles of Shoals and Celia Thaxter, author of An Island Garden, can be found on the Seacoast NH site. The National Gallery of Art provides access to the painting, Poppies, Isles of Shoals by Childe Hassam.

Century of Gardens - From Atlantic Monthly's Flashbacks, "thematic collections of articles from the Atlantic's past that have gained new relevance today."

Cultivating Canadian Gardens: the History of Gardening in Canada - National Library of Canada.

Darwin Correspondence Project - University of Cambridge. Although you don't have access to the actual letters, you have access to a very detailed index (with cross references) to the correspondence. James Bateman (1812–1897), for example, "cultivated tropical plants, especially orchids."

Directory of botanists, plantsmen, landscapers, gardeners and writers of note

Dumbarton Oaks Electronic Texts - Relevant articles include Twenty-Five Years of Studies in Landscape Architecture at Dumbarton Oaks: From Italian Gardens to Theme Parks by Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn and Movement, Intersubjectivity, and Mercantile Morality at Stourhead by Michael Charlesworth.

Fletcher Steele Landscape Architect - Includes biography and photos of Ancrum House, the gardens he designed for Angelica Gerry, Lake Delaware, Delhi, NY. and Naumkeag, Mabel Choate's gardens in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. (SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry.)

Flower City: Center of Nurseries and Fruit Orchards - Blake McKelvey's article about Rochester's hoticultural history was originally published in The Rochester Historical Society Publications, Vol XVIII (1940), 121-169. There is a section on George Ellwanger and Patrick Barry.

Frederick Law Olmstead National Historic Site - Brookline, Massachusetts

Garden History Links - Edwinna von Baeyer

Gardens of the Mughal Empire - This Smithsonian Productions web site recreates and studies the gardens and architecture of the Islamic dynasty that ruled between 1526-1858 in Pakistan, Afghanistan, Kasmir and Northern India. "The project was initiated in Pakistan by the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery and became a fully collaborative joint venture with the Department of Archaeology of the Government of Pakistan and the School of Architecture at the University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore."

Historic Bartram's Gardens - America's oldest living botanical garden., located in Philadelphia. Offers a good collection of links to related resources.

History of Horticulture Index - Course outline distributed to students at Ohio State University by Professor Freeman S. Howlett for his 1968 course The History and Literature of Horticulture: From Earliest Times to the Present.

International Council on Monuments and Sites - Has articles on historic gardens.

Les Jardins de Métis: Portrait of a Landscape - Estevan Quebec gardens reated by Elsie Reford.

Lady Jean Skipwith's List of Flowers - Scanned image of a flower list made by Lady Jean Skipwith of Prestwould, Mecklenburg County. Her garden was one of the most extensive gardens in eighteenth-century Virginia and is well documented in the family papers at Swem Library of the College of William and Mary.

Monticello, Home of Thomas Jefferson - Has a section on the Grounds.

Papers of Sir Joseph Banks - Sir Joseph Banks was a botanist who accompanied Captain James Cook on his first voyage of exploration into the Pacific region between 1768 and 1771. Digitized collection consists of "10,000 manuscript pages and include correspondence, principally letters received, but also reports, invoices and accounts, journals, plus a small quantity of maps, charts and watercolours." (State Library of New South Wales)

Peter Kalm (1715-1779)- Swedish naturalist who visited the American Colonies from 1748-1751.

A Naturalist in the Colonies - Book review of The Travels of Peter Kalm: Finnish-Swedish Naturalist Through Colonial North America, 1748-1751 by Paula Ivaska Robbins, Purple Mountain Press, 2007 by Stuart Ferguson, Wall Street Journal, November 17, 2008. "We learn from her [Robbins] -- and not from Kalm himself, who died before he could recount his trip in full -- that in western New York state Kalm stayed with Sir William Johnson, a man who lived in a fortified manor house with his Mohawk wife, entertained hundred of Iroquois at a time and presided over his German tenant farmers and Indian allies like a feudal chieftain. It was Johnson who gave advice to Kalm about the naturalist's two trips to Canada, provided guides through the forest and arranged the party of Indians who paddled Kalm across Lake Ontario to the French outpost at Fort Niagara."

Plant Trivia Timeline - Huntington Botanical Gardens

Museum of Garden History - London

National Union Catalog of Manuscript Collections - Searchable via RLIN AMC File Advanced Search Form, an Easy Search Form (word list) and an Easy Search Form (left-anchored phrase). A search for Ellen Biddle Shipman, for example retrieves records for collections at Cornell and Radcliffe.

Project Linnaeus - Collaborative project of the Swedish Linnaean Society, the Royal Swedish Academy of Science and the Linnean Society of London to edit a corpus of 7000 letters to and from Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778), the father of modern botanical classification.

Seeds of Change Garden - Smithsonian Institution site "examines the exchange of plants and seeds between the Old and New Worlds following Columbus's discovery of America in 1492."

South Central China and Tibet: Hotspot of Diversity - Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University

Images

Note: Search for any of the following: herbals, herbularius, botanical prints, florilegia (compendia of engravings of flowers and plants), hortus conclusus (Latin phrase meaning an enclosed garden), hortus deliciarum (garden of pleasure) or do a Google image search for the following names: Giovanni Battista Falda, Basil Besler (1561-1629), Georg Dionysius Ehret (1708-1770), Maria Sibylla Merian (1647-1717), Johann Wilhelm Weinmann (Phytanthoza Iconographia, 1742), Launcelot 'Capability' Brown, Peter Schoeffer, Pierre Joseph Redouté, Jean Louis Prevost, James Bateman (1811-1897), George Brookshaw (1751-1823), Thomas Moore, Robert John Thornton (1768-1837, Charles Plumier, Walter Hood Fitch (1817-1892), Joseph Nugent Fitch (1840-1927), Elizabeth Blackwell (A Curious Herbal), Samuel Curtis, Clara Maria Pope (d. 1838), Ferdinand and Francis Bauer, Francois André Michaux, and Etienne Pierre Ventenat (1757-1808). Botanical Illustration: A Selected Bibliography has been compiled by Julene Sodt of the Western Libraries, Western Washington University.

Almaden Wildflower Photos - From the IBM Almaden Research Center.

American Environmental Photographs, 1891-1936 - Approximately 4,500 photographs from the University of Chicago Library documenting natural environments, ecologies, and plant communities in the United States at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century. (American Memory Project, Library of Congress.)

American Landscape and Architectural Design, 1850-1920 - Library of Congress collection of "approximately 2,800 lantern slides represents an historical view of American buildings and landscapes built during the period 1850-1920. It represents the work of Harvard faculty, such as Frederick Law Olmsted Jr., Bremer W. Pond, and James Sturgis Pray, as well as that of prominent landscape architects throughout the country. The collection offers views of cities, specific buildings, parks, estates and gardens, including a complete history of Boston's Park System. In addition to photographs, views of locations around the country include plans, maps, and models. Hundreds of private estates from all over the United States are represented in the collection through contemporary views of their houses and gardens (including features such as formal gardens, terraces, and arbors)."

Archives nationales du Canada / National Archives of Canada - Use the Documentary Art Database to search for online images. Botanical images include Susanna Moodie's Carnations and Bunch of Wildflowers (ca.1870), Prairie Flowers near Broadview, Assiniboia (1887) by Edward Roper, The Market Garden of the Tropics, Malayan Pineapples (1931) by Edgar Ainsworth, Button Wood Tree (ca 1840) by Philip John Bainbrigge, Bloodroot, Dog's Tooth Violet and Red Trillium (ca. 1827) by Fanny Amelia Bayfield, Birch Trees in the Government Gardens, Quebec (ca. 1838-1842) by Millicent Mary Chaplin, Botanical Sketches, (Northwest Territories (1825-1826) by George Back, South African Orange Orchards (1926-1934) by Guy Kortright, Tobacco Plantation in South Rhodesia (1926-1934), Rosa Blanda, Labradore Rose or Hudson's Bay Rose (1797) by Mary Lawrance, Lady's Slipper Orchids (ca 1840) and Fiji (1926-1934) by Keith Henderson

Art of Botanical Illustration - Botanical books published from the seventeenth through the twentieth centuries in Europe and the United States from the University of Delaware Department of Special Collections.

An Array of Botanical Images - Photographs by James L. Reveal, Department of Plant Biology, University of Maryland.

Atlas Van der Hagen and Atlas Beudeker - Dutch atlases of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries are searchable by source, date, name, geography and keyword. Joint project of the Koninklijke Bibliotheek and the British Library. You can also view the maps per atlas (browse). The Atlas van der Hagen consists of four volumes with 447 images. Of particular interest in Volume II are the series of copper engravings depicting views of the pleasure gardens of Enghien near Brussels (85 through 99), "commissioned by Nicolaas Visscher II (1649-1702) and engraved by Romeyn de Hooghe (1645-1708)." (See Number 93, Le labyrinthe avec la magnifique fontaine d' Amphitriae.)

Basidiomycetes of the Greater Antilles - Tim Baroni, SUNY Cortland

BioImages: Virtual Field-Guide - Offers over 17,000 images of Natural History objects, mostly British in origin. Multiple views are often available, as is the case for Gentianella amarella x germanica. The site has an index. The Plants section consists of:

Bryophyta (mosses and Liverworts)

Chromista

Vascular Plants

Magnoliopsida

Equisetopsida (horsetails)

Pinopsida (conifers)

Pteropsida (ferns)

Botanical Garden of the University of Catania (Orto botanico Università di Catania) - Has over 800 pictures (listed in the index) of plants grown in the Botanical Gardens including:

Lophophora williamsii

Ceratonia siliqua L.

Bougainvillea x buttiana Mrs. Butt.

Botanical Image Database - University of Basel.

Botanischer Garten Bochum - Gesamtabbildungsverzeichnis - Ruhr-Universität Bochum

Built in America: Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) and the Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) - Library of Congress collection of measured drawings, large-format photographs, and written histories for more than 35,000 historic structures and sites dating from the seventeenth to the twentieth century. Search by keyword or or browse by subject or geographic location. Here you'll find photographs of:

Japanese Gardens at Kykuit

Greenhouse at Lyndhurst

Pleasure Gardens at Lindenwold

Japanese Tea House at the Missouri Botanical Garden

Gardener's house at Stan Hywet Hall

Toddsbury Outbuildigs & Gardens

Oxon Hill Manor Grounds, Oxon Hill, Maryland

CalPhotos: Plants - Berkeley Digital Library Project has over 21,000 searchable and browsable images of plants.

Charles F. Gillette Photograph Collection - Library of Virginia collection consists of 862 images, all part of the collection of Charles F. Gillette Papers at the Library of Virginia. Gillette (1886-1969) is "nationally recognized as one of the premier landscape architects associated with the restoration and re-creation of historic gardens in the upper South and especially Virginia.". The images "primarily depict Virginia houses, estates, gardens, and other landscape design projects. There are also many personal photographs of Gillette, Ellen Cogswell Gillette, and the various homes in which they lived."

Common Plants of the Verde Valley & Sedona -Doug Von Gausig's site's purpose is to assist with the visual identification of the most common native and "feral" or escapee plants of the Verde Valley of central Arizona.

Digital Library for the Decorative Arts and Material Culture - University of Wisconsin Madison. Among the E-Facsimiles is Temple of Flora, or, Garden of the botanist, poet, painter, and philosopher (1812) by Robert Thornton with the spectacular Night-Blowing Cereus; or, Cactus Grandiflorus.

Flora Danica - The Royal Library, Copenhagen (Det Kongelige Bibliotek). "Danish botanical work Flora Danica, begun in 1761, consists of 3,240 engravings in folio of all the wild plants that grew in the kingdom of Denmark." (Also available in English.) You can browse the images by number and search by name or plate number. Look for:

Digitalis purpurea (foxglove), Hft. 2, Tab. 74.

Dipsacus silvester (teasel), Hft. 17, Tab. 965.

Delphinium Consolida (larkspur), Hft. 12, Tab. 683.

Lonicera Periclym - Hft. 16, Tab. 908.

See also the Flora Danica porcelain dinner set, made between 1790 and 1802, consisting of 1802 pieces, of which 1500 survive. The porcelain is still made today by Royal Copenhagen and is described by them as "the world's most prestigious dinner service." See cake dish (Item no. 1141354) , square tray (Item no. 1141363) and candlestick (Item no. 1141503).

Flora of China - English-language revision of the Flora Republicae Popularis Sinicae (FRPS) in which "all the vascular plants of China will be covered, including brief descriptions, identification keys, essential synonymy, phenology, provincial distribution in China, brief statements on extra-Chinese distribution, and remarks regarding the circumscription of problematic taxa." With a page with links to images.

Flora of Europe: A Photographic Herbarium - 660 pictures of flowers, mostly of southern Europe. A.Voswinkel, the Netherlands.

Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz - By Otto Wilhelm Thomé, 1885 - 1905, 4 volumes. 572 botanical illustrations, also listed alphabetically. Also available here. (Part of Kurt Stüber's online library of historic biological books.)

Florida Wildflower Page - Michael E. Abrams

Forest Flora of New South Wales - by Joseph Henry Maiden (1859-1925). (Part of the University of Sydney Library's SETIS Australian Electronic Texts project.)

Fungi Images on the Net - Flemming V. Larsen

Fungus plates painted under the supervision of Elias Fries - Selection of paintings of fungi by the Swedish mycologist Elias Fries (1794-1878) from the Swedish Museum of Natural History. Fungi of the San Francisco Bay Area - Over 1100 images of the higher fungi (mushrooms) found in the San Francisco Bay Area, an area surrounding the city of San Francisco in central coastal California. (Michael Wood and Fred Stevens.)

Hawaiian Native Plants - Gerald Carr, Botany Department, University of Hawaii.

Henriette's Herbal Homepage - Henriette Kress's site on culinary and medicinal herbs includes 3290 plant pictures.

Herbals & Early Gardening Books from the Doris and Marc Patten Collection - Catalog of the collection includes images, listing by subject, author and title. (From Special Collections, Hayden Library, Arizona State University.)

English Heritage - "British Government's official adviser in England on all matters concerning heritage conservation." ViewFinder is a browsable picture library with over 18,000 images, many by Henry W. Taunt, "an important photographer who worked out of premises in Oxford between 1860-1922. His main interests were Oxfordshire and surrounding counties, the River Thames, customs and local history." Garden photographs include Hidcote House, Hidcote Bartrim, Ebrington, Gloucestershire (Ref. no: CC73/00559), Ankerwyke House, Picnic House, Wraysbury, Berkshire (Ref. no: HT02820), Streatley House, Gardens, Streatley, Berkshire (Ref. no: HT13710), Hatherop Castle, Gardens, Hatherop, Gloucestershire (Ref. no: CC72/01932) and Abingdon Abbey, Sham Abbey, Abingdon, Oxfordshire (Ref. no: CC97/02085).

Historic Fruit Images - Images of fruit from U. P. Hedrick's Small Fruits of New York, a classic reference for those working with cultivated varieties of berries, published by the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station in 1925. (National Clonal Germplasm Repository at Corvallis, Oregon)

Hort.net Gallery of Plants - Over 3100 images of over 1500 plants.

Illustrated Garden: Rare Books from the Missouri Botanical Garden - Consists of over 100 digitized volumes..."350,744 pages and 12,357 botanical illustrations currently [January 23, 2006] online."

John Pfahl

- Photographer. See his Extreme Horticulture (1998-2002) series.

Kyoto University Digital Library

Flora Japonica (1827) - The plates illustrating conifers begin with Sciadopitys verticillata in Volume 2.

Flora Javae nec non Insularum Adjacentium (1828-36) - By Carolo Ludovico Blume. Color images begin on p. 136. See, for example, Quercus Platycarpa

Linnean herbarium - Over 2,000 images from the Department of Phanerogamic Botany at the Swedish Museum of Natural History.

Lotus in Japan - Images and descriptions of several lotus varieties grown in the Kemigawa Ryokuchi Experimental Station, also known as the Experimental Station for Landscape Plants, which is a division of the Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Tokyo. There are also photographs of camellias. See, for example, camellias with striped petals.

Medical Plant Images - Michael Moore, Southwest School of Botanical Medicine, Bisbee, Arizona. Over 1600 images and maps. With Index.

National Agricultural Library Special Collections - Images from Special Collections. Subjects include stewards of the land, forest insects, forest fire fighters, natural phenomena and homesteads, USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection, Nursery and Seed Trade Catalog Collection and Rare Book Collection. Curtis Botanical Magazine is a digital collection of "one thousand fifty records, one thousand forty-eight plates, (two of the original plates are missing, plates 797 & 860), and there are one thousand four hundred fifty-six related pages of text from the first 26 volumes. The entire print collection of 164 volumes is housed at the National Agricultural Library in Beltsville, Maryland." Images include Heath-leaved Banksia, Honey-bearing Protea, Laurel-leaved Rhododendron and the Yellow Day-lily.

National Diet Library - The Rare Books department of Japan's national library, located in Tokyo, has an online exhibition which features outstanding works from its collection. Unfortunately its only available in Japanese, but it is nonetheless well worth exploring just for the sheer quality of the high resolution images. There are 100 items in the online exhibition of books from the collection, which includes Japanese items and a number of non-Japanese works from around the world. (See Maps 1, 2, 3 and 4.) Included in the exhibition are botanical prints by Redoute (dianthus), Miss Rosenberg (lily), William Hooker, Merian and Oskamp, offered in high or low resolution. There are also two collections of botanical prints, both European and Japanese.

National Gallery of Art - Has digitized many of the paintings in the collection, which you can find using the search option (selecting images only). You can also search by accession number. Examples include:

The Artist's Garden in Argenteuil (1991.27.1) - Calude Monet, 1873.

Japanese Footbridge (1992.9.1) - Claude Monet, 1899.

Jerusalem Artichoke Flowers (1963.10.181) - Claude Monet

The Artist's Garden at Vétheuil (1970.17.45) - Claude Monet

Poppies, Isles of Shoals (1997.135.1) - Childe Hassam

Tuft of Cowslips (1991.217.1) - Albrecht Dürer

Roses (1991.67.1) - Vincent van Gogh

Cattleya Orchid and Three Brazilian Hummingbirds (1982.73.1) - Martin Johnson Heade

Giant Magnolias on a Blue Velvet Cloth (1996.14.1) - Martin Johnson Heade

Flowers in a Rococo Vase (1963.10.105) - Paul Cézanne

Vase of Flowers (1958.10.2) - Paul Cézanne

Roses in a Bottle (1995.47.26.a) - Paul Cézanne

Still Life with Peonies (1995.47.10) - Paul Gauguin

Flowers in an Urn (1977.7.1) - Jan van Huysum

Still Life with Flowers and Fruit (1996.80.1) - Jan van Huysum

Flowers in a Crystal Vase (1970.17.37) - Edouard Manet

Peonies (1994.59.10) -Berthe Morisot

A Hanging Bouquet of Flowers (1992.51.5) - Abraham Mignon

Flowers in a Vase (1970.17.56) - Odilon Redon

Wildflowers (1961.12.1) - Odilon Redon

Pansies (1961.14.1) - Odilon Redon

Flowers in a Vase (1983.1.32) - Auguste Renoir

Picking Flowers (1970.17.61) - Auguste Renoir

A Bouquet of Flowers with Insects (1988.12.1) - Pierre Joseph Redouté

L'Agonie des Fleurs (1943.3.8909) - Theodore Roussel

Untitled (vase of flowers) (1986.56.649.a) - Mark Rothko

Roses and Tulips and Jasmine in a Glass with a Dragonfly and a Butterfly (1992.51.4) - Jan Philips van Thielen

Marigolds and Tangerines (1963.10.78) - Félix Vallotton

A Basket of Mixed Flowers and A Vase of Flowers (1992.51.7) - Jan Brueghel the Elder

Basket of Flowers (1992.51.2) - Balthasar van der Ast

Bouquet of Flowers in a Glass Vase (1996.35.1) - Ambrosius Bosschaert, the Elder

Flowers in a Vase (1976.26.2) - Philip van Kouwenbergh, 1700.

Vase of Flowers (1961.6.1) - Jan Davidsz de Heem, 1606.

Young Woman with Peonies (1983.1.6) - Frédéric Bazille

The Artist's Garden (1954.4.2) - Ralph Albert Blakelock

The Artist's Garden at Eragny (1970.17.54) - Camille Pissarro

The Gardener - Old Peasant with Cabbage (1994.59.6)

Woman Working in a Garden(1970.17.167).

Online Archive of California - A search for garden* retrieves over 1000 results.

Orchid Photo Page - Gred Allikas offers over 200 photos of orchids as well as links to other resources.

Plant Images - High quality photographs by Steven J. Wolf, Biology Department California State University, Stanislaus. With searchable database. Examples: Tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera), Blazing Star (Mentzelia crocea), Sago palm (Cycas revoluta). (Hint: do a search without typing anything in the boxes and you'll get the entire database.) Don't miss the course material for his Flowering Plants Botany 3700 class.

Plants of Hawaii - "A collection of 45,000+ images for 1,600+ plant taxa, by Forest & Kim Starr."

Poisonous Plants - Cornell University

Stein's Virtual Herbarium - Kenneth J. Stein provides photographs of representative specimens from the Appalachians which are widely-distributed east of the Mississippi River.

Preserving and Digitizing Plant Images: Linking Plant Images and Databases for Public Access - Missouri Botanical Garden project to develop a database of plant imagesand associated data. With alphabetical Index of images.

Seed Catalogs - Selections from Smithsonian Institution Libraries collection of 10,000 seed and nursery catalogs dating from 1830 to the present.

Southwest School of Botanical Medicine - Bisbee, Arizona. Many plant images

Tending the Commons: Folklife and Landscape in Southern West Virginia - "Incorporates 679 excerpts from original sound recordings and 1,256 photographs from the American Folklife Center's Coal River Folklife Project (1992-99) documenting traditional uses of the mountains in Southern West Virginia's Big Coal River Valley." A wonderful resource for finding photographs and interviews about folkways, herbs, trees and wildflowers.

Triptych A Digital Initiative of Bryn Mawr, Haverford and Swarthmore College Libraries

- "Draws from four repositories — Bryn Mawr College Library Special Collections; the Swarthmore College Peace Collection, which focuses on social reform and issues of peace; and the Haverford College Library Special Collections, which shares with the Friends Historical Library of Swarthmore College the stewardship of the records of the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Society of Friends." You can search within The Castle Collection of Natural History Illustrations, an image database of over 1300 images. Included are of the plates from Peter Simon Pallas's Flora Rossica (1784) and all the illustrations from Edward Lear's Illustrations of the family psittacidae, or parrots (1832). Use the Advanced Search option to limit by collection . A search within the collection for flowers, for example, retrieves over 200 results.

Tropicos Image Index - W3Tropicos provides access to "Missouri Botanical Garden's VAST nomenclatural database and associated authority files."

Tulip Book of P. Cos - Pictures of tulips from the 17th century; Wageningen Agricultural University Library, The Netherlands

Ursus Books Print Gallery: Botanical Art

Vascular Plant Image Gallery - Texas A & M University site arranged alphabetically by family and provides images and brief descriptions.

Vilar Virtual Landscape Gallery - Database of over 1700 images of European parks and gardens. (In French and English) Search by country, period, type of garden, or keyword.

Virginia Tech Imagebase - Has a section on Agriculture, Horticulture, Gardening.

What is an Herb? - Online exhibition at the Health Sciences Library at the University of Virginia features the herbals of Dioscorides, the Aztecs, Gerard, and Culpeper.

Landscape Designers & Landscape Architects

Lawrence Halprin (1916- ) - See Lawrence Halprin Collection at the University of Pennsylvania

Perry Guillot - Southampton

Mia Lehrer - Los Angeles

André Le Nôtre (1613-1700) - Designed the gardens at Meudon, Saint-Germain en-Laye, Sceaux, Chantilly, Les Tuileries, Saint-Cloud, Versailles. (In French).

Lord & Schryver - Established by Elizabeth Lord and Edith Schryver (both students of the Lowthorpe School in Groton) in Salem in 1929.

Steve Martino - Phoenix

Julie Moir Messervy

Deborah Nevins - New York

Mario Nievera - Palm Beach

Linda Plato

Ellen Biddle Shipman

Ken Smith - New York

Robert Truskowski - Laguna Beach

Nelson Byrd Woltz - Charlottesville

Growing Celebrity by Troy McMullen, Wall Street Journal, April 15, 2005.)

Wirtz International - See Wirtz Gardens (2004) by Patrick Taylor

Libraries

Agricola - National Agricultural Library Article Citation Database Archives Hub: Collection of the Month [March 2005]: Botany - "Collections of botanists and botanical societies of the past three hundred years. These include the papers of herbalists, biochemists, geneticists, and even missionaries."

Arnold Arboretum Library and Archives - Book collection is searchable via HOLLIS

Bibliothèque René Pechère - Bruxelles

Bibliothèque du Jardin botanique de Montréal - Provides access to online catalogue

British Library Oral history: National Life Story Collection - To search the collection go to British Library catalogues on the web and search the Sound Archive Catalogue by name. Down to Earth: An Oral History of British Horticulture

contains extensive descriptions of interview contents and documents "British gardeners, plantsmen and women, garden designers, landscape architects, seed growers, and horticulturists." Interviewees are: David Austin (1928 - ), rose breeder; Lawrence Banks, interviewed by Louise Brodie in November 2006 [C1029/39]; Mavis Batey, Alan Bloom (1906 - ); Christopher Brickell, John Brookes (1933 - ), garden designer; Ron Butler, Jim Buttress, Beth Chatto (1923 - ) (the interview summary includes an interesting description of her visit to the United States in 1983. She mentions Frank Cabot, Fred McGourty, Larry Pordue, Linc Foster, RC Raulston); , Julia Clements, Peggy Cole, Harry Dodson, Andrew Dunn (1916 - ) and Nick Dunn (1952 - ), tree nursery owners, interviewed by Louise Brodie in September 2006; Valerie Finnis; Fergus Garrett, Alan Gear (1949 - ), organic horticulturalist; Douglas Henderson, Penelope Hobhouse, John Humphris, Ann Lambert, Roy Lancaster, (1937 - ), gardener, writer, broadcaster, interviewed by Louise Brodie in 2005; Joy Larkcom, Jim Link (1934 - , forester, gardener; Christopher Lloyd, Richard Mabey, Geoff Pick, Richard Carew Pole, interviewed by Louise Brodie on 5 October 2006; Ghillean T. Prance, Don Prior (1929 - ), Miriam Rothschild, Lady Marjorie Gascoyne-Cecil Salisbury, Pamela Schwerdt, Tim Smit and Sue Minter, David Standing, Geoffrey Stokes, Graham Stuart Thomas (1909 - ); Medwyn Williams, Jan Woudstra, and Tom Wright. Playback, the bulletin of the British Library Sound Archive, is published three times a year and includes previous issues back to 1998.

Bücherei des Deutschen Gartenbaues - Association of the German Horticulture Library, Berlin.

Council on Botanical and Horticultural Libraries - Has a list of Member Libraries. There is a list of winners of the Annual Award for a Significant Work in Botanical or Horticultural Literature.

Dumbarton Oaks - Washington D.C. research facility offers program in Landscape Architecture and provides access to their online catalog.

Elisabeth C. Miller Horticulture Library - Center for Urban Horticulture, University of Washington. Offers a Directory of Horticultural Web Sites, Book Lists by Topics, access to the Online Catalog and a Catalog of Periodicals.

European Botanical and Horticultural Libraries Group - Has a Directory of members.

Herbs and Herb Gardening: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide - Compiled by Suzanne DeMuth, National Agricultural Library, August 1996.

Lenhardt Library of the Chicago Botanic Garden - With archive of Current Books & Book Reviews.

Library of American Landscape History - Amherst, Massachusetts. View, the annual newsletter, is available online: Summer 2007, Number 7, Summer 2006, Summer 2005, Summer 2004, Number 4, Summer 2003 and Summer 2002.

Library of Congress Online Catalog

Lindley Library - Royal Horticultural Society, London. Provides access to the online catalogue. There are clips from the Gardens Oral History Project

LuEsther T. Mertz Library - New York Botanical Garden Library is one of the world's largest and most active botanical/horticultural libraries. Offers access to online catalog.

National Agricultural Library - In Special Collections there is a Rare Book Collection

Regensburgische Botanische Gesellschaft - Established in 1790. The library has an online catalog.

Smithsonian Contributions to Botany - "This series reports on the scientific, technical, and historical research conducted by Smithsonian staff and their professional colleagues, as well as on the collections of the various Smithsonian museums." Titles include The Woods and Flora of the Florida Keys: "Pinnatae" by Barrett Nelson Rock, 1972; A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Orchidaceae by Pamela Burns-Balogh and V. A. Funk, 1986; Begoniaceae Part I: Illustrated Key, Part II: Annotated Species List by Lyman B. Smith, Dieter C. Wasshausen, Jack Golding and Carrie E. Karegeannes, 1986; A History of Botanical Exploration in Amazonian Ecuador, 1739–1988 by S. S. Renner, 1993; and Commercial Timbers of West Africa by Edward S. Ayensu and Albert Bentum, 1974.

Smithsonian Institution Botany & Horticulture Library - There is also A Horticulture Services Division and an Archives of American Gardens (AAG).

University of Delaware Library

Unidel History of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Collection

Suitable for Cultivation: Horticultural Collections at the University of Delaware Library - Catalog of an Exhibition at the Hugh M. Morris Library 1990. Introduction by Alice Schreyer, Entries compiled by Gary E. Yela.

University of Pennsylvania Press: Complete Catalog: Art, Architecture, Garden History - You can search the full-text of the books in the catalog. See, for example, the Penn Studies in Landscape Architecture

Watkinson Library - Trinity College, Hartford. Has an online exhibition Herbs to Orchids: Botanical Illustration in the Nineteenth Century with an Image Gallery.

Magazines and Journals

The American Gardener - American Horticultural Society

American Journal of Botany - Published by the Botanical Society of America the site provides full-text access.

Better Homes and Gardens Online - Their Editors' Choice Plant Guide is a collection of plants hand-picked by two leading horticulture experts: Michael Dirr and Allan Armitage.

Chicago Botanic Garden: Current Books & Book Reviews